The Higgs boson has given the world two Nobel laureates in physics, the Higgs Boson in 2013 gave the world two Nobel Prize winners in physics in 2013, but could not give more, so it could not have done without the offended.
There is a day in the year when jokingly say that if you physicist who has made a great discovery, it is best to wait to go to the shower, do not miss a call from the Nobel committee who dreams to inform you of the same name by awarding prizes. Today, a pair of physicists, this is not a joke, or rather - not a joke.
Francois Engler (top left) and Peter Higgs. Which one is more deserving of reward, especially given the fact that the first published an article about the Higgs mechanism before Higgs and the other put forward the concept of the eponymous boson? And what to do with the deceased co-Engler, as well as the other three pioneers?
There is clearly the organizing committee had to break down ... (Photo by CERN.)
Peter Higgs
Peter Higgs, half-English, half Scottish, 8 October 2013 received the Nobel Prize for the idea expressed by him in 1964 - almost half a century ago.
He was born in 1929, of course, in the UK, got his degree at King's College (London) and then moved to the University of Edinburgh, where intermittently operates to this day. In 1964 he published the work of those that now marked by the Nobel committee. By the way, the event organizers failed to communicate with the physicist: he says he tried to reach the citizens, went underground.
Peter Higgs in the 60s: he knew there staring at us, that in the future he could not get away from the Nobel Prize? (Photo by Wikimedia Commons.)
As you can see, the path to recognition was not fast, and the reasons for this are mainly objective. No, of course, without the subjective factor has not done: when Peter Higgs Physics Letters presented in his second article on the Higgs mechanism, the journal of her ... not accepted, accompanied by an incredible statement of denial: I do not have an obvious relationship to physics! And it is in this text contained a description of the particle, now known as the Higgs boson.
The irony in the fact that Physics Letters - scientific journal, edited by the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), that is the same one that was working with the Large Hadron Collider, which allowed in 2012 to discover the Higgs boson, the same that 48 years earlier CERN seemed not related to physics!
Still subjective difficulties were minimal. Mr. Higgs just posted an article in the American Physical Review Letters, at the time a relatively young magazine. By the way, similar ideas then come to mind, not only to him, at the same time similar within the meaning of the texts published the Belgian American-born Robert Brout, Francois Belgian Engler and - independently of them - the Americans Tom Kibble, Gerald Guralnik and Carl Richard Hagen.
And if some of them for a month late, the work of Engler and Brouta see the light even earlier - and Mr. Higss mentioned them in his work.
So who to give the award, if the rules of its delivery to limit the number of winners of only three people? And then, Robert Brout already dead ...
Francois Engler
Second nobeliat, Francois Engler, born in 1932, defended the Free University of Brussels (Belgium), and then worked for two years at Cornell University (SSCHA) under the direction of Robert Brouta, with whom in 1961 he returned to the Free University of Brussels and soon published a paper a little research to get ahead of Peter Higgs. In addition to research, the scientist has made a great contribution to statistical physics, quantum field theory, cosmology, string theory and supergravity.
Francois Engler: the man, ahead of the Higgs. (Photo by Wikimedia Commons.)
Robert Brout
Robert Brout, born in 1928, unfortunately, was left without a Nobel Prize in 2013, did not live up to its award two years. But we will mention, and, because it is a senior fellow and co-author Francois Engler. After receiving his degree from Columbia University (USA), he worked at Cornell University, from where he moved to Belgium. His pioneering work in 1964 were awarded with Sakurai and Wolff (in physics).
His contribution was valued on a par with the Higgs and Engler at a ceremony in honor of the fiftieth anniversary of the journal Physical Review Letters, associated with the first publication of relevant articles.
Robert Brout, a senior fellow Engler. Although it was he who was the first article on the Higgs mechanism, nor any of its popular name, no prize scientist have not got.
And other
Alas, the American scientists - a group of Kibble - Guralnick - Hagen (which, incidentally, they predicted) - were left without a major physical Award planet. Hopefully, it will not affect the memory of humanity about them as a truly outstanding people. Nothing to be gained and the ATLAS collaboration and CMS - except, of course, important place in the history of science.
But is not it point?
Left to right: Tom Kibble, Gerald Guralnik, Carl Hagen, Francois Engler and the late Robert Brout. (Photo by Tim Roettger.)
Besides the obvious candidates for the award, there are many less obvious candidates. The Large Hadron Collider, made possible the experimental confirmation of the Higgs mechanism and reliable detection of the eponymous boson, worth six billion dollars, and worked on it six thousand scientists who have done so, too, is something to this discovery, explaining how all the particles that we surround got their mass.
Here's a pyramid of Djoser in miniature: the six authors of the theoretical concept (three independent groups!) - And six thousand experimenters six billion dollars that someone knocked ... Believe me, these people and organizations, too, was hard.
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