2011 will get ALL

Well, 2011 would get all this frequency of disasters since the beginning of the year. This 2011-D would get everyone.

Whatever called natural phenomenon that causes a particular cataclysm, it is easier on the knowledge becomes.

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In South Africa, due to flooding kills 70 people

The death toll in floods in South Africa has reached 70 people. Homeless were almost 8.4 thousand people, they are temporarily placed in public buildings or tents.

The damage from the disaster to the economy of South Africa has already reached more than 50 million dollars, and the data from some provinces not yet been processed.

The heavy rains that led to flooding of settlements, there are many countries in the region. In Mozambique, floods killed ten people and more than ten thousand have been forced to flee their homes. The consequences of showers observed in Botswana, Namibia, Zambia and Zimbabwe, but reports of a large number of casualties there have been reported yet.

It is believed that the flooding in Africa, Australia, Brazil, the Philippines and Sri Lanka, due to a natural phenomenon La Nina, where surface water temperatures in the equatorial region of the eastern Pacific is reduced by 3-5 degrees.

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Hyperinflation will continue in 2011 all numbers will get bigger

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Prepare your self to the bigger number and hyperinflation in retail prices.

OCEANS

Oceans Introduction

Our Planet could well be called Oceania, as the area occupied by water, 2.5 times the area of land. Ocean water cover almost three quarters of the globe layer thickness of about 4000 m, accounting for 97% of the hydrosphere, while the waters of land contain only 1%, and in glaciers constrained by only 2%.

Oceans, being the aggregate of all the seas and oceans of the Earth, has a huge impact on the life of the planet. The huge mass of ocean water generates the planet's climate, is a source of precipitation. From it receives more than half of the oxygen, and it also regulates the content of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, since it is able to absorb the excess. At the bottom of the ocean there is an accumulation and transformation of the great mass of mineral and organic substances, so the geological and geochemical processes occurring in the oceans and seas, have a very strong impact on the Earth's crust.

It was the cradle of the ocean of life on Earth, and now it is home to about four-fifths of all living beings of the planet.

Ocean resources

In our time, the era of global issues, the oceans plays an increasingly important role in the life of mankind. Being a huge pantry mineral, energy, plant and animal resources, which - with their rational consumption, and artificial reproduction - can be almost unlimited, Ocean is able to solve some of the most urgent challenges ahead: the need for a rapidly growing population with food and raw materials for developing industry, risk of an energy crisis, a lack of fresh water.

The main resource of the oceans - sea water. It contains the 75 chemical elements of which are important, such as uranium, potassium, bromine and magnesium. Although the main product of seawater is still salt - 33% of world production, but mined magnesium and bromine, have long patented methods for a variety of metals, including copper and essential industry and silver reserves are steadily being depleted, while in the ocean their waters contain up to half a billion tons.

In connection with the development of nuclear power, there are good prospects for the extraction of uranium and deuterium from the waters of the oceans, especially since uranium ore reserves on earth are reduced and the Ocean of his $ 10 billion tons, deuterium has practically inexhaustible - for every 5,000 ordinary hydrogen atoms have one heavy atom. In addition to the release of chemical elements sea water can be used to obtain the necessary human fresh water. Now available in many industrial desalination methods: Use chemical reaction in which impurities are removed from the water, the salt water is passed through special filters, and finally, the hands are boiling. But desalination is not the only way to get potable water.

Bottom There are sources that are more frequently found on the continental shelf, that is, in the areas of the continental shelf adjacent to the shores of the land and it has the same geological structure. One of these sources, located off the coast of France - Normandy, gives the amount of water that they call it an underground river.

Mineral resources of the oceans are not only sea water, but also the fact that under water. Bowels of the ocean and its bottom is rich in mineral deposits. Are located on the continental shelf of the coastal alluvial deposits - gold, platinum, and precious stones are found - rubies, diamonds, sapphires, emeralds. For example, near the Namibian diamond design are underwater gravel since 1962. On the shelf and continental slope partially Ocean has large deposits of phosphate, which can be used as fertilizer, and the reserves will last for the next few hundred years.

His most interesting type of minerals oceans - is the famous iron-manganese concretions, which are covered by vast plains of the area underwater. The nodules are a kind of a cocktail of Metals: there include copper, cobalt, nickel, titanium, vanadium, but, of course, most of iron and manganese. Their locations are well known, but the results of industrial development is still very modest. But the full swing of ocean exploration and production of oil and gas in the coastal shelf, the share of offshore production is approaching one third of world production of these fuels.

In a large scale is the development of oil fields in the Persian, Venezuela, the Gulf of Mexico, the North Sea, oil platforms off the California coast stretch, Indonesia, in the Mediterranean and Caspian seas. The Gulf of Mexico also known open during oil exploration mine sulfur, which drips out from the bottom with hot water. Another, as yet unspoiled ocean pantry are deep crevices, where it forms a new bottom. For example, the hot (60 ° C) and heavy brines Red sea basin contain huge reserves of silver, tin, copper, iron and other metals.

More and more important mining takes materials in shallow water. Around Japan, for example, is sucked through the pipes underwater iron sands, the country produces from offshore mines about 20% of coal - over deposits of rock construct an artificial island and a drill stem, chiseling coal seams.

Many natural processes occurring in the oceans - the movement, temperature of water - are inexhaustible energy resources. For example, the total power of the ocean tidal energy is estimated from 1 to 6,000,000,000 kWh. This property tides already used in France in the Middle Ages: the XII century mills were built, the wheels are set in motion a tidal wave.

Today in France, there are modern power stations using the same principle: the rotation of turbines at high tide occurs in one direction, and at low tide - in another.

11. The Living Planet - The Open Ocean

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This programme concentrates on the marine environment. Attenborough goes underwater himself to observe the ocean's life forms and comment on them at first hand. He states that those that live on the sea bed are even more varied than land inhabitants. Much sea life is microscopic, and such creatures make up part of the marine plankton. Some animals are filter feeders and examples include the manta ray, the basking shark and the largest, the whale shark. Bony fish with their swim bladders and manoeuvrable fins dominate the seas, and the tuna is hailed as the fastest hunter, but the superiority of these types of fish did not go unchallenged: mammals are also an important component of ocean life. Killer Whales, dolphins, narwhals and Humpback Whales are shown, as well as a school of beluga whales, which congregate annually in a bay in the Canadian Arctic — for reasons unknown. Marine habitats can be just as diverse as those on dry land. Attenborough surmises that the coral reef, with its richness of life, is the water equivalent of the jungle. Where the breezes of the Gulf Stream meet those of the Arctic, the resulting currents churn up nutrients, which lead to vegetation, the fish that eat it, and others that eat them. Attenborough remarks that it is man who has been most responsible for changing ocean environments by fishing relentlessly, but in doing so has also created new ones for himself — and this leads to the final episode.

INFERNAL CONDITIONS FOR LIFE ON EARTH Install AFTER 30 YEARS

Hellish conditions for life on Earth will be established in 30 years
Hellish conditions for life on Earth will be set in about 30 years, sounds in the published forecasts by international teams of scientists from the Universities of Pittsburgh, Madrid and Potsdam.

Scientists consider two scenarios.

According to the first number of extreme weather events, including the so-called heat waves will increase until 2040 and they will cover 3% of the surface of the Earth, then global changes subside, but it will be very very hot.

On the second climate will change before the end of the century, and by 2100 in the area of extreme events will be 85% of the total land area of the planet.

In any case, scientists predict more frequent heat waves, which are understood vast mass of hot air that resists the winds and cyclones, staying in one area for a few weeks. Clouds in such a wave is not, so every day the sun heats it more and more.

People on these processes can not influence in any way.

Scientists do not see the reason in the emissions of greenhouse gases, but the long-term global climatic variations caused by changes in solar luminosity, the processes inside the Earth's core and other phenomena to which man has no effect.

 in the wake of bagnet.org

DIZREGULIRUYUSCHIE Climate influence, and opportunities to confront them

Dizreguliruyuschie influence of climatic factors and the ability to withstand them, ME Malyarenko, AT Bulls, TN Malyarenko, MV Shmaliy,

AA Kornienko, AV Matyukhov

FSI Central Clinical sanatorium. Dzerzhinsky, Sochi

Sochi State University for Tourism and Recreation, Russia

Analysis of the literature in recent years with regard to the increasing deterioration of climatic conditions has demonstrated the need to move away from traditional approaches in the prevention of conditions caused by them to the system integrative activities to improve the sustainability of the human body to changes in the environment. In particular, it should enhance the adaptive capacity of the organism through the optimization of the main indicators of quality of health - sleep, physical activity, nutrition, Endoecology.

Keywords: climate, health.

Climatic factors, while a certain extent, have the ability to restore the broken body functions. However, weather and climatic conditions can go beyond that and wear for the body system damaging nature. In recent decades, this trend is increasing, and the importance of the designated problem is growing.

The influence of the temperature factor.

The temperature factor, which is an important component of the climate is undergoing in recent decades, the most pronounced changes. According to NASA, the surface of the Earth over the past 100 years, warmed by more than 0,8 ° C, of which the last 30 years - 0,6 ° C, ie, warming of the Earth's surface is the acceleration [19]. With a warming associated heavy, often extreme, weather conditions. One reason is the increasing warming that is currently in the atmosphere three times more carbon dioxide than is able to absorb nature.

According to the forecasts for the XXI century, the temperature of the Earth's surface due to the accumulation of CO2 in the atmosphere will increase by 1,1-6,4 ° C. Ill-conceived human activities - burning in huge volumes of fuel, thus releasing CO2, and the annual forest fires and peat fires, the melting of glaciers and the decrease as a result of the reflectivity of the Earth lead to a delay of heat in the atmosphere. The causes of global warming have begun to attribute the destruction of important cooling of the Earth - wetlands, forests and a dramatic reduction in the increase of deserts, increasing ocean temperatures, volcanic activity and other factors of a natural origin. Thus, an excess of CO2 leads to the greenhouse effect and warming, and warming - to the excess CO2. Since carbon dioxide is stored for a long time in the atmosphere, further warming over time is inevitable, even if urgent measures are taken to mitigate human impacts. [15]

In Russia in the last 100 years, the most pronounced increase in mean annual temperature (3.5? C) occurred in Eastern Siberia, the Amur and Primorye. By the middle of the twenty-first century is expected to significantly increase the average annual air temperature for 3-4?

C in Western Siberia, the 2-3? C - in the north-east of European Russia, Yakutia and along the Arctic coast. [3]

Joint research of Russian and Japanese scientists have shown that the temperature of the permafrost in Russia is growing steadily. Thus, in the period from 2004 to 2006, the temperature in the three-meter layer of permafrost depth changed from minus 2.8? C to -1.5? C (warming was 1.3? C!).

It is predicted that thawing permafrost will release huge amounts of methane, which is twenty times greater than carbon dioxide in their ability to create a greenhouse effect. If we take into account that the area of permafrost in Russia is about 65% of its territory, the consequences can be catastrophic warming. [7]

The unusually hot weather, especially in the case of the temperate regions, leading to an increase in morbidity and deaths, as the population of these regions are often perplexed to sudden changes in weather conditions. For example, in Toronto for 50 years in the afternoons with the dependence of mortality on the weather. Mortality rate reached the highest values in July and August with the largest number of very hot days, the risk of death was higher, the longer the heat episodes. Found that the physiological response of the human body in hyperthermia significantly dependent on factors such as humidity. Under the conditions of low humidity, the leading response, leading-ing to the improvement of the functional condition of the person is the intensification of sweating, in conditions of high humidity that does not happen, and the only physiological mechanism of protection remains the reduction of endogenous heat production to the redistribution of blood flow to the more intense heat removal from the CNS.

At the level of the biochemical processes of protective mechanisms may be associated with neutralization resulting in hyperthermia endotoxic metabolites (lipid peroxides, free radicals, ammonia, etc.) and the stabilization of cellular and subcellular membranes, primarily mitochondrial. Of particular concern are in poor heat transfer combined effect on the body heat, high humidity, long and intense muscular stress. Even in well-trained athletes, marathon runners at the finish may occur catastrophic disturbances in the body.

Extreme weather changes and fatal heat waves lead to a variety of consequences: a prolonged drought, brining farmland and drinking water, the spread of infectious diseases, not only in human populations, but also among animals. All this, of course, affect the human food resources.

If, however, until recently, many scientists, especially climate scientists, the warming anthropogenic factors are considered, at the present time, this process is often associated with solar activity.

As you know, the city is now the dominant human habitat with the ever-increasing pressure from exogenous to its population. Tall buildings affect the influx of solar radiation, air circulation and convection completely different than the fields and forests. Concrete of city streets and buildings conducts heat about three times faster than the soil. Therefore the city absorbs more heat and makes it faster than the sparsely populated countryside. In addition, tall buildings act as vetrolomy: the normal circulation of air is broken, it is enhanced turbulent mixing.

Many city buildings themselves are a source of heat to the atmosphere (mostly heat absorbed by buildings during the period of the arrival of high solar radiation, or when the evening begins radiative cooling). In urban air contains many contaminants that are not found in the suburbs and rural areas. Solid particles are to some extent reflect the sun's rays and thus affect the influx of solar radiation in the city. However, this does not compensate for the reflection of the effect of other reasons listed above, causing the accumulation of heat in the central part of the city.

Furthermore, these impurities interfere with the normal heat transfer of the atmosphere.