SOURCE SPACE WEATHER AROUND THE EARTH FOUND

The source of space weather around Earth Space Weather Channel found around the Earth found by scientists from the U.S. and Japan, under the guidance of Vassilis Angelopoulos of the University of California at Los Angeles. Using long-term data sets from spacecraft THEMIS, ARTEMIS satellite and the Japanese space agency, they measured the total energy supply space weather around Earth.

Although what exactly causes the solar wind all these powerful phenomena in the vicinity of the earth, and no one doubted understand exactly where the energy from it is given into our magnetosphere, a long time without success. (Photo by NASA.)

This is comparable to the Electric Power Plants of all terrestrial plants. The process took more than 30 minutes, - says Mr. Angelopoulos. - The number of energy released was equivalent to an earthquake of 7.1 magnitude on the Richter jackals.

The main mechanism of release of energy called the reconnection of magnetic field lines of the Earth. The energy of particles of the solar wind interaction with these lines gradually moves them two fronts squeezing tail of the magnetic field, located on the other side of the planet, which is opposite to the Sun. When the lines are shifted so that the two previously-open are closed, the magnetic field energy is betrayed particles at the connection point, turning them into the accelerated plasma that can get this or that direction, but in much of the world aspires to.

This causes the activity in the radiation belts of the planet, as well as in areas that are close to the magnetic poles.

Previously, the researchers note, all attempts to observe this process failed due to the use of only one satellite: because of the continuous movement of fronts to keep track of all failed. On the contrary, the group was able to fix all the devices thirty minutes of the process.

At last we have found something that feeds the northern lights and the Earth's radiation belts - emphasizes Mr. Angelopoulos. - We can keep track of all this energy, seeing when and where it is converted into other forms of energy.

The full picture of the energy storage and transfer it in the magnetosphere science is able to significantly improve the prediction of the energy dissipation after the reconnection of magnetic field lines. In other words, the accuracy of forecasts of space weather will be higher.

The fact that part of the spacecraft involved in the surveillance, was at some distance from the Earth, has finally allowed to detect the elusive process.

Someday, these phenomena could be registered in other planetary systems, as the energy of reconnection depends on the capacity of the magnetosphere. Recall that the same auroras on Jupiter is much superior to the earth, or any other in the Solar System.

The study is published in the journal Science.

Prepared according to the University of California at Los Angeles.

Special Space Weather Event Reports

Описание:

http://swc.gsfc.nasa.gov - On July 12, 2012 Active Region 1520 produced a long duration X1.4 class solar flare (peaking at 16:52 UT), and was associated with an Earth-directed CME (Coronal Mass Ejection), and Solar Energetic Particle event. Based on preliminary heliospheric modeling carried out at NASA GSFC Space Weather Center, it is estimated that the CME may impact Earth, Messenger, Spitzer, MSL, Mars. Simulations indicate that the leading edge of the CME will reach Earth at about 2012-07-14T10:20Z (plus minus 7 hours). The roughly estimated expected range of the geomagnetic storm Kp index is 6-8 (moderate to severe). Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) events were detected at SOHO, GOES, and STERO B starting on July 12, 2012 17:50 UT) due to this flare and associated CME. Updates will be provided when available.

See space weather alerts: http://swc.gsfc.nasa.gov/main/2012071...
http://swc.gsfc.nasa.gov/main/2012071...
http://swc.gsfc.nasa.gov/main/2012071...

Read more: http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/sun...

What happens when a CME hits Earth? NASA Scientists answer top space weather questions: http://youtu.be/8OcqH_l6Mso

This video was created using:
http://helioviewer.org/ - Solar and heliospheric image visualization tool.
Integrated Space Weather Analysis system (iSWA): http://iswa.ccmc.gsfc.nasa.gov

Join us at
http://www.facebook.com/nasaswc
http://gplus.to/nasaswc
https://twitter.com/NASASpaceWxCtr
NASA Space Weather Apps for Android and iPhone:
http://bit.ly/iswaandroid & http://itun.es/iPv5NM

To learn more about NASA Space Weather Center visit: http://swc.gsfc.nasa.gov
The answers to many questions about the Sun and Space Weather can be found at: http://go.usa.gov/EKn
Also check out http://www.thesuntoday.org/ for solar facts & space weather

Content by Sandro Taktakishvili Yihua Zheng, and Leila Mays
Edited by Leila Mays
Music by Julian Vu http://julianvu.com/ (used with permission)

Credit: NASA/SDO, NASA/STEREO/SECCHI, SOHO/ESA&NASA, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center

Physiological relationship between the absorption of carbohydrates and contemplation of NEXT KINOBOLVANKU

The physiological relationship between the absorption of carbohydrates and contemplation of another kinobolvanku physiological relationship between the absorption of carbohydrates and contemplation of another kinobolvanku obvious, but this is not about that. How is it that two of a kind found each other?

Sales of popcorn in movie theaters - the most important segment of the trade, an icon of popular culture, but the lobby and the rooms are not always filled the smell of corn and butter. The history of popcorn is huge, and it intersected with the history of a new kind of art only in the years of the Great Depression - to save the film industry from imminent collapse.

Street vendor popcorn in 1912 (photo from the collection of Kirn Vintage Stock / Corbis).

In the beginning was the teosinte - a wild herb that actually looks like a little familiar to us corn. About 8 thousand years ago, people have decided to take care of it, and it returned to them good. One of the first grade of maize grains which have a particularly rich in starch core and very rigid walls. When heated, the pressure inside the grains increases rapidly until it has burst. Popcorn first grown in Central America, then he got to the north and south, but survived to modern times only in South America.

At the beginning of the XIX century North American whalers have found it in Chile and brought back to New England.

To the east of North America popcorn quickly spread across the continent. Cooking and eating it was so interesting that in 1848 the word falls into the Dictionary of Americanisms. It literally blew the food market, it was sold on every corner, especially in places where people come to have fun - in circuses, fairs, sport events.

The Association is transparent and does not require an explanation. In the theater, however, did not favor the popcorn: after all, a serious art.

Pop popcorn helped him ... mobility: in 1885 on the streets appeared first steam popcorn machine was invented by Charles Kretorom. For popcorn in large quantities kitchen is no longer needed, it was made on the spot. Besides popcorn - for a minute! - Crunches and has a pleasant aroma.

Compete with them could only recently emerged potato chips, but they were just the prerogative of smoky kitchens.

In the first motion picture popcorn is not allowed, because prakinoshniki tried to imitate the theaters, up to luxury carpets. Although the screen were mostly naive little pieces (actually, as of now, only without the special effects), the owners of establishments to keep the brand and privechali solid clientele. Rubbish and distracting crunch - no, this, please, go to the circus.

In 1927, there was a sound, and the film industry opened to a wider audience, because in order to see a movie, no longer need to know the letter. By 1930, the U.S. theaters already visited 90 million viewers a week. It would seem that the more visitors, the higher the income, and the sound is muffled crunch, but theater owners continued to hold the old rules.

The Great Depression has confused all the cards. In search of cheap entertainment audience became engraved in cinemas with unprecedented enthusiasm, especially since the magic screen is best helped to forget the painful everyday life. Meanwhile, a portion of popcorn was worth 10.5 cents, and it could not afford any poor man, and a bag for $ 10 and you can do to sharpen the years.

Popcorn was one of the most profitable investment for those who had money (bought corn, popcorn done immediately and instantly sold, not looking for inflation), and as long as the theater owners have resisted the temptation, enterprising street vendors are not lost, setting their cars right in front Cinema-doors.

First cinemas not only tried to keep presentable. They simply lacked decent ventilation. Nevertheless, more and more viewers were in the lobby with a cherished bag in his hands, and the owners gave up.

Popcorn vendors allowed to trade in the lobby and just before the door - for a daily fee of course, but they did not complain, because sales only grew.

In the end, the theater owners realized that it makes sense to get rid of the middlemen. Also in the mid-1930s, theaters began to close because of the economic crisis, and the sale of popcorn was for the salvation of many. For example, in Dallas cinema chain has set the machine for making popcorn in 80 schools, and in five the most luxurious - no, because it seemed indecent.

Two years later, the first profit jumped, and the latter began to operate at a loss, and then there also appeared popcorn.

Marriage popcorn and movie theaters grew stronger during the Second World War. Snacks and competitors such as candy and soda on the backburner because of the shortage of sugar (the main importer - Philippines - was in the hands of the Japanese.)

By 1945, half of popcorn consumed in the United States, was eaten in movie theaters. Before the movies (and sometimes in the middle of a session) began to turn the ads calling for not forget chto sold in the lobby. Here is one of them, a sample of 1957.

In 2000, the Library of Congress included it in the National Film Registry because of the high cultural and historic value. There is nothing better than popcorn - sings baritone convincing.

However, in spite of all the marketing tricks in the 1950 sale of popcorn in movie theaters began to steadily decline. The culprit was a new technology - television, which forced to spend the evening at home. And it almost did not eat popcorn because reproduce famous in the movie theater taste is not so easy: you need a special device, vegetable oil and butter, salt and other ingredients.

Then invented the semi-finished EZ Pop: just hold the container that already have everything you need on the heat source.

Then was born the same brand Jiffy Pop, Popcorn and finally entrenched in a new beachhead.

COLIN KEMERER: neuroscience, game theory, APE.

Colin Kemerer: neuroscience, game theory, a monkey. When two people make a deal - they are rivals or teammates - what's going on in their heads? The behavioral economist Colin Kemerer study demonstrates that reveals how little we can predict about what others think.

It offers the unexpected results of research chimps that maybe cope with this task better than us. (Taken with TEDxCalTech.)

The Strategizing Brain: Colin Camerer at TEDxCaltech

Описание:

Colin Camerer is the Robert Kirby Professor of Behavioral Economics at Caltech. He earned a Ph.D. from the University of Chicago in 1981 and worked at Northwestern, Penn, and Chicago before Caltech. He has published more than 150 articles worked on four books, most notably Behavioral Game Theory (2003). Colin's research group is interested in the psychological and neural basis of choice, strategizing in games, and trading in markets. His group uses many methods, including eye tracking, SCR, fMRI, EEG, TMS, field experiments, and analysis of field data on taxicabs, sports performance, and movie revenues. Colin has been the past president of the Economic Science (experimental economics), the Society for Neuroeconomics, and was elected a Fellow of the Econometric Society.

In the spirit of ideas worth spreading, TEDx is a program of local, self-organized events that bring people together to share a TED-like experience. At a TEDx event, TEDTalks video and live speakers combine to spark deep discussion and connection in a small group. These local, self-organized events are branded TEDx, where x = independently organized TED event. The TED Conference provides general guidance for the TEDx program, but individual TEDx events are self-organized.* (*Subject to certain rules and regulations)



On January 18, 2013, Caltech hosted TEDxCaltech: The Brain, a forward-looking celebration of humankind's quest to understand the brain, by exploring the past, present and future of neuroscience. Visit TEDxCaltech.com for more details.