Prostate cancer: 100-percent accuracy is nowhere every November you grow a mustache? So, you are participating in an international campaign Movember, which aims - to inform men about the specific health risks of sex. Movement was born in Australia, where prostate cancer is one in eight catches up with who she is, and now cover most of the countries that understand English and love facial hair.
As you might guess, the most popular event enjoyed in Canada.
Whiskered have something to think about ... (Photo by Movember Foundation.) Typically, men and women go to the doctor only when absolutely unbearable. So Movember is doing good work, calling checked in advance. However, experts warn that not all men have to do it.
Moreover, some of this verification can hurt.
Prostate cancer is diagnosed in two ways, which are sometimes used alone, and sometimes - together. This is a digital rectal examination (DRE, IN) and analysis on the prostate-specific antigen (PSA). The first applies god knows how many years, and the second came only in the early 1990s.
Imperfection AT obvious anatomical location of the prostate gland does not allow the doctor to examine it properly. Therefore, it is the analysis of the PSA test is now the principal. PSA - a protein produced by the prostate. Its concentration in blood can be measured.
Except that elevated levels of PSA does not always indicate cancer: it may be the result of a benign growth or prostate inflammation.
In 2009, a systematic review of the accuracy of the analysis of the PSA test in the diagnosis of prostate cancer has shown that its efficiency is in the range 78-100%, which means it does not detect cancer in about one-fifth of the case.
Then it was discovered that the rate of specificity analysis is 6-66%. This means that the test diagnoses correctly in most cancer patients. It is this error and is the main danger.
For healthy people to climb with a biopsy, followed by a completely unnecessary treatments causing harmful emotional and psychological side effects, including erectile dysfunction and incontinence.
In 2013, another systematic review of five randomized clinical trials concluded that they do not significantly reduce the death rate from prostate cancer, while the damage to healthy people the wrong diagnosis is obvious.
Professional organizations give conflicting advice on the analysis of the PSA test. Thus, the Australian Foundation to fight cancer prostatysovetuet men older than 50 years (and if someone in the family had prostate cancer, beginning with forty years of age) to consult a doctor for an annual survey by DRE and PSA assay.
The Royal Australian College of General Practitioners utverzhdaetobratnoe: Screening for prostate cancer is recommended only if the man specifically asks for it, and at the same time it is an exhaustive consultation of all the pros and cons.
Finally, the Urological Society of Australia and New Zealand, said: It is shown that the analysis of the PSA test and follow-up treatment as needed reduce mortality from prostate cancer in large randomized trials, and therefore should be offered to men, informing them of all the risks and benefits of testing .
The disagreement stems from a difference of specialists interpretations of the findings of the five works. Only two of them - The European randomized study of screening for prostate cancer and screening test for prostate cancer, lung, colon and ovarian cancer in the United States - were considered to be methodologically valid, but with mixed results.
The first study showed a reduced risk of death from prostate cancer by 21% among men 55 to 69 years, while the second showed no significant difference among men 55-74 years of age. Perhaps the fact that the studies were conducted in different ways. For example, in Europe, the pathological values PSA level in the blood is determined in the range of 2.5-4 ng / ml, while in the U.S. threshold is 4 ng / mL.
In the first case, men annually tested for PSA four years, while the second - six years plus was carried out at four years.
So what are we to do, mustached, while experts argue? The most reasonable opinion seems to King's College. The only problem is that for consultation with a physician is given 10-15 minutes, after which the patient just can not explain, so it's best to come prepared. The doctor will ask why you have attended to test for prostate cancer, take an interest, was sick with anyone in this race. The purpose of all these questions is to find out your level of risk.
The same task is performed online calculators, but they should be used with care: 100 percent accuracy is nowhere ...
We'll alert - too often healthy men treated for what they do not.
in the footsteps of The Conversation, compulenta.computerra.ru
War on Terror/ Liberty/ Sovereingty VII
May 15, 2013 Part Four (4/6)
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