Mankind has for centuries has destroyed their habitat, but have only recently started thinking about this in 1866 the German zoologist Ernst Hackel first used the term ecology, by which he meant the relations arising between living organisms and their environment. By this time, environmentalists have been considerable work front. U.S. residents are almost completely killed the huge herds of buffalo. The development of German industry led to the poisoning of the waters of the Rhine.
Salmon, who was perhaps the most common fish Reina in the 18th century, virtually disappeared by the mid-19th. In the late 19th century in Japan to develop copper deposits led to a massive loss of forests - only extremely strong and tough measures taken by the state and society, led to the fact that the Japanese islands still covered with forests.
Particularly heavy blows were inflicted environment in the 20th century. Growth in consumption has led to huge problems. From 1961 to 2000 tripled the global consumption of wood - in this case the forest recovered slowly.
From 1950 to 2005, the consumption of fish has increased in six and a half times, and the resources of the sea recover slowly or not at all restored.
We offer a short list of the most significant developments in this area over the last century, which, in our opinion, have a precedent.
1907. The Hague Convention has formulated the first international rules for the protection of the environment during warfare.
1946. First set up an international organization dedicated to fight for the health and the life of all mankind - The World Health Organization \ World Health Organization. Among other things, it deals with the environmental impact on the quality of people's lives.
The first international agreement on the protection of animals. The International Whaling Commission \ International Whaling Commission banned the hunting of gray whales.
1948. Created by the International Union for Conservation of Nature \ International Union for Conservation - the first global organization of its kind. In the same year, she suggested the UN environmental education concept of humanity.
1954. The first revolutionary invention in the field of clean energy. , Bell announced a solar cell.
1958. The first accident involving the use of radioactive materials. Lighthouse at the plant near Chelyabinsk, an explosion occurred, causing the release of radioactive substances. In 1958, the agricultural use of seized 59,000 hectares in the Chelyabinsk and 47,000 hectares in the Sverdlovsk region.
As a result of the accident were exposed 124,000 people.
1958. The first in the modern history of the planned destruction of certain animal species. China has started a campaign to destroy the sparrows, ruined the field.
Next year's crop was almost completely ruined by insects, which previously destroyed sparrows.
1960. First car manufacturers began installing devices that regulate the exhaust flue gases. The relevant law adopted California.
Discovered the ozone hole in the atmosphere.
1962. The first mass use of pesticides in the course of hostilities. U.S. forces have used pesticides against the jungle, where the Viet Cong guerrillas were hiding and North Vietnamese troops.
American researcher Rachel Carson \ Rachel Carson published her book Silent Spring \ Silent Spring, which was first proved by the negative impact of pesticides, DDT and other chemicals on wildlife. The influence of this book is usually compared to the impact that has had a book Uncle Tom's Cabin \ Uncle Tom's Cabin (author - Harriet Beecher Stowe \ Harriet Beecher Stowe) at the world the mid-19th century: it is assumed that it was one of the causes of the Civil War in the United States and the abolition of slavery. Carson's book in print to this day.
1964. The beginning of a worldwide movement konservatsionalistov. The activists of the movement are buying up land and create them preserves the natural world.
1967. The outbreak of the global campaign to ban certain types of chemicals. American biologist Dennis Palestine \ Dennis Pulestin established a fund to deal with the most popular pesticide - DDT.
In 1969, the fund has achieved the first victory - the United States announced the ban on the use of DDT.
1969. In the United States signed the Law on Environmental Protection \ National Environmental Policy Act - the first law in the preparation of which were actively involved activists of environmental organizations.
1970. Started the celebration of International Earth Day (April 22).
1971. First published evidence that automobile exhaust contribute to the destruction of the ozone layer of the atmosphere.
Denmark became the first country in the world in which it was created a special Ministry responsible for environmental protection.
1972. Advance of the first power plant that uses waste as a fuel.
1973. The world's first award for achievements in the field of environmental protection, Tyler Prize \ Tyler Prize for Environmental Achievement. Office of the premium has been the University of Southern California \ University of Southern California.
1974. First produced compelling evidence that cancers can be caused by industrial emissions. In the U.S. the world's first initiated constant checking drinking water content therein pesticides.
1977. In the Geneva Convention governing the rules and customs of war, added protocols prohibiting destroy the environment in times of armed conflict.
For the first time in the history of the population of one of the world's favorite dish sacrificed for the sake of the environment. France temporarily banned the catching of frogs, whose population was under threat of destruction.
1978. The first case of environmental damage spacecraft. Soviet satellite Cosmos, equipped with a nuclear reactor, fell to Earth.
Radioactive material from the reactor infected part of the territory of Canada.
1986. The first nuclear power plant accident causing damage of not one but several gosuzhdarstvam world - the Chernobyl disaster.
1987. A unique example of principles. Warlords Lebanese Christians have sold the right to bury in Lebanon toxic chemical wastes in Italian, German, Canadian and Belgian companies. Wastes were buried in spite of the fact that there were fighting. Waste repository have been created in haste.
As a result, in 1998, approximately 70% of all drinking water sources in Lebanon have been poisoned.
1988. American climatologist James Hansen \ James Hansen introduced into scientific term greenhouse effect. Hansen called on world governments to fight global warming.
1988. The first case of fighting international business with the environmental legislation of a country. In 1981, Denmark passed a law obliging traders beer and soft drinks to use bottles made of materials that can recycle.
In 1988, the Court ruled that the decision prevents free trade because it sets additional barriers to imports of beer and lemonade in Denmark.
