The sky is the future we will present The palate store up all sorts of gifts. Natural - mirages, rainbows, meteors, halo, aurora, occultation, sulfur clouds Brist ... Has contributed and the man, and now the sky is filled with all sorts of things to come artifacts with their rules of life.
But here we are a natural and mundane physical events are not very frequent, but very interesting.
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MIRAGES
It is known that light travels in a straight line in a homogeneous medium. At the boundary between two media ray of light is refracted, that is a little off from the original path. Such inhomogeneous medium is, in particular, the air of the atmosphere: its density increases near the surface.
A beam of light is bent, and as a result of luminaries are somewhat biased, upbeat about its true position in the sky. This phenomenon is called refraction (from Lat. Refractus - refracted).
Particularly strong refraction occurs when light is coming on the horizon. It is estimated that the stars, the Sun, the Moon at sunrise and sunset appear above their true positions by approximately 35 ', that is, half a degree. Approximately half of the degrees are equal and the angular size of the solar and lunar disk.
So if we see that the setting sun (or moon) the lower edge touches the ground, it actually goes beyond the horizon of the upper edge.
Due to the refraction of light in the atmosphere may appear virtual images of distant objects - a mirage.
The air is heated by the earth's surface, and the height of its temperature falls. However, if over a layer of cool air is warmer (brought, for example, the winds of the south) and the rarefied air layer, and the transition between them is pretty harsh, the refraction is greatly enhanced. Rays of light coming from objects in the world, describe the kind of arc and back down, sometimes for tens or even hundreds of kilometers from their source.
Then there is uplift the horizon, or upper mirage.
On the Cote d'Azur of France into the morning at times can be seen rising from the Mediterranean island of Corsica mountains - up to him more than 200 km. In Calabria, in front of the Sicilian coast, in the air often appear unfamiliar landscapes of cypress trees and castles. The researchers believe that the occurrence of upper mirage on the Mediterranean coast fault proximity Sahara: the masses of hot air rising over the desert, and then move to the north.
Camille Flammarion wrote in the book The atmosphere that the residents of the Belgian town of Verviers morning in June 1815. saw the army of the sky is so clear that even the most discriminating form of artillery. It was the morning of the battle of Waterloo. Distance between Verviers and Waterloo 105 km.
Superior mirages are often observed in the sea before the storm. It is possible that they gave rise to the legend of the ghost ship, though many believe the stories about them are fanciful.
Inferior mirages occur mainly in cases where the layers of air near the surface of the Earth (for example, in the desert) warmed up so that the rays of light emanating from objects, heavily distorted. Arced at the surface, they go upward. Then all of a sudden you can see the trees and houses, as if reflected in water.
In fact it is inverted images of distant landscapes. Inferior mirages can be observed even in the hot sun asphalt road.
RAINBOW
Rainbow provides a unique opportunity to observe the in vivo degradation of white light into a spectrum.
It usually appears after a rain, when the sun is quite low. Somewhere between the sun and the observer is more rain. Sunlight passing through the water droplets is repeatedly reflected and refracted in them in small prisms, and the rays of different colors out of the droplet at different angles. This phenomenon is called the dispersion (ie, expansion) light.
The result is a bright colored arc (and in fact a circle, the whole can be seen from the aircraft).
Sometimes there are just two, at least - three multicolored arc. First create a rainbow rays were reflected in drops once, the second - the rays were reflected twice, etc. In 1948, in Leningrad (now St.
Petersburg) among the clouds over the Neva appeared just four of the rainbow.
View of the rainbow, color intensity, width of the bands depend on the size and number of water droplets in the air. Bright rainbow after a storm happens in the summer rain, during which large drops fall. Typically, such a rainbow heralds good weather.
Rainbow gives the Moon, but since she is not (as compared to the sun) is shining weakly, then the rainbow from her weak and pale.
METEORS
It happens that pierces the night sky Firebolt. Suddenly flaring up in the air while she is rushing to Earth, and then just as suddenly disappears. These phenomena are often called shooting stars. But the stars they have no relationship. In our solar system is moving a lot of meteoroids - large and small particles of solid matter.
If the path of the meteoroid passes near the Earth, it can enter into its atmosphere. From air friction, such particles are heated and burn or evaporate, leaving behind a rapidly vanishing in the air glowing trail - a meteor. Particularly bright meteors - race cars - are clearly visible even in the daytime and resemble a large red-hot firebrand, followed by long stretches broad smoky band.
Not all meteoroids burn up completely in the atmosphere. Some reach the Earth's surface and, if they fall into the hands of scientists can tell a lot about the history of our planetary system.
HALO
Light mist around the sun or moon can be seen quite often. This is when the sky is covered with a veil - light high cirrus clouds. The smallest ice crystals and water droplets from which these clouds are, as it were glowing, scattering rays of bright light source. (Just glisten in the winter frosted windows, creating a halo around the light, like a halo can be seen around the bulb, if you look at it through a light translucent fabric.) But sometimes, if the clouds are thin enough and homogeneous, the Sun or the Moon appears not just a hazy glow and the bright circle, sometimes several laps - halo (from the Greek.
Gialos - a circle, disk).
Halo occurs when light rays are refracted at a high clouds thicken ice crystals, hexagonal-shaped prisms. As a result, we see a small circle halo radius 22 °. Form a large circle of rays that have passed through the side edge and the base of the prisms-crystals. Its radius is approximately 46 °. Large cool is less common and less lights, but the Sun it easier to see than the small, lost in the bright sunlight.
A small halo around the moon can be seen better. Due to the dispersion of light halo is always slightly painted in bright colors. Usually halo portend rain.
8. Closer - This One Is On Us presents "Another Version Of The Truth : The Gift"
This One Is On Us presents "Another Version Of The Truth : The Gift"
The Gift is a full-length concert edit of the Nine Inch Nails' 2008 "Lights In The Sky" tour, assembled using footage shot in Victoria, Portland and Sacramento, and distributed on nin.com in early 2009.
Offered as a three disc set, "Another Version Of The Truth" is available in a variety of physical and digital formats. More information is available at http://ThisOneIsOnUs.org
